바트뭉흐 바트체첵 몽골 외교부장관, 전쟁·분쟁·무력사용 반대 천명

바트뭉흐 바트체첵(Batmunkh Battsetseg) 몽골 외교부장관. 주한몽골대사관 제공

 

“몽골 정부는 전쟁이나 분쟁, 무력 사용을 결코 지지하지 않습니다. 유엔 등 국제 기구에 이런 입장을 지속적으로 표명해 왔습니다”

바트뭉흐 바트체첵(Batmunkh Battsetseg) 몽골 외교부장관은 19일 “민족의 전통철학을 바탕으로 전 세계에서 일어나고 있는 전쟁과 위기를 막고 대화와 협상을 통해 평화를 확립한다는 입장을 유지한다”며 이같이 밝혔다.

바트뭉흐 장관은 최근 자국 국영 매체인 몽사메 통신과 ‘몽골은 균형잡힌 멀티 외교 정책을 유지한다’는 주제로 인터뷰한 내용 전문을 주한 몽골대사관을 통해 경기일보에 보내왔다.

바트뭉흐 장관은 몽골국립대학을 졸업한 뒤 외교부에 입문, 2016~2020년 외교부 차관을 맡았다.

이어 2021년부터 외교부장관에 발탁, 몽골외교를 총괄한다. 국회의원까지 겸직한 몽골외교의 실세다.

바트뭉흐 바트체첵(Batmunkh Battsetseg) 몽골 외교부장관. 주한몽골대사관 제공

바트뭉흐 장관이 몽사메 통신과 인터뷰한 시점은 우크라이나를 무력 침범해 지난 3월 ICC(국제형사재판소) 체포영장이 발부됐던 푸틴 러시아 대통령이 지난 3일 ICC 회원국인 몽골 공식방문할 때 이뤄져, 인터뷰 내용이 국제적 관심사가 됐다.

바트뭉흐 장관은 총 4개항의 인터뷰에서 푸틴에 대한 우크라이나와 국제사회의 비난을 의식한 듯 “오흐나 후렐수흐 몽골 대통령이 지난 2021년 러시아를 공식 방문할 때 푸틴 방문 초청이 이뤄졌다”며 “몽골이 회원국인 ICC 측에게 푸틴에 대해 의견을 교환했다”고 밝혔다.

이는 몽골 정부가 사전에 ICC와 몽골과 러시아 간 양자협정과 러시아 연방 대통령에게 부여된 면책특권 및 특권에 관한 정보와 의견을 교환하면서도 러시아로부터 연료(석유류제품 95%)와 에너지(전력 25%)를 구매하는 등 불가피한 현실적 외교정책의 일환임을 양해해 달라고 한 것으로 풀이된다.

그는 우크라이나가 푸틴의 몽골 방문에 민감하게 반응한 것과 관련 “(몽골 정부는) 우크라이나와 좋은 관계를 유지하고 긴밀히 협력하고 있다. 독일 뮌헨 안보회의 등에서 우크라니아 장관과 만나 의견을 교환하고 공통의 이해를 얻었다”며 “최근 우크라이나 방문에서도 우리는 전쟁과 무력 사용은 해결책이 아니라 평화적인 수단과 합의를 통해 문제를 해결해야한다는 점을 거듭 강조했다. 몽골 대통령도 언론을 통해 이런 입장을 천명했다”고 언급했다.

그러면서 그는 몽골 정부가 국제적인 분쟁(러시아와 우크라이나 등)에 대한 적극적 중재 역할에 나설 것이라는 메시지도 밝혔다.

바트뭉흐 장관은 “전쟁, 분쟁지역 해결에 대해 국제사회에 적극적으로 해결책을 제안하고 관련 당사국 간의 논의의 중재를 할 수 있는 방안을 모색하겠다”고 말했다.

대한민국은 몽골과 지난 1990년 수교했다. ‘평화클럽’ 핵심국가(남북한 상주공관 보유국가들과 한국 외교부 간 협의체)로 부상한 몽골과 30여년간 전략적 동반자 관계를 맺으며 협력하고 있다.

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다음은 영어 전문

MONGOLIA MAINTAINS BALANCED AND MULTI-PILLAR FOREIGN POLICY

“An interview with Mongolia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Batmunkh Battsetseg, conducted by Montsame Agency”

In recent years, our country has pursued an active foreign policy, marked by numerous visits and events. This year alone, several visits have been organized, ranging from the foreign ministers to heads of state of our ‘third neighbors’. However, yesterday’s visit of the Russian President has garnered significant attention.

The official visit of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to Mongolia, at the invitation of the President of Mongolia Khurelsukh Ukhnaa, drew significant attention both domestically and internationally. In light of this, I would like to share some insights. However, before going into the details, it’s important to first highlight Mongolia’s unique geographic location, its geopolitical environment, and the fundamental principles of its security and foreign policies that arise from these characteristics.

Mongolia’s foreign policy concept stipulates that maintaining friendly relations with Russia and China are of the highest priority. It is emphasized that we must maintain a balanced relationship with these countries, develop extensive cooperation as friendly neighbors, and take into account the unique characteristics of our historical traditions and economic ties.

It is crucial for any country to maintain friendly, regular relations and cooperation with its neighbors. Consequently, we have fostered, and will continue to foster, stable relations with our neighboring countries through bilateral, trilateral, and multilateral forms of cooperation. The Government of Mongolia has chosen 14 mega projects to be implemented within the framework of its 2024-2028 Action Plan and most of the projects will be carried out in collaboration with our two neighbors.

Two years ago, the foreign ministers of China and Russia visited Mongolia. Recently, the head of state of the Russian Federation made an official visit as well. In the coming days, a high-level visit from China will take place to commemorate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and China, as well as the 10th anniversary of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the two countries.

Any visit or meeting is carefully planned and arranged in advance, especially at higher levels, which requires even more time and preparation. Regular visits are also conducted based on the longstanding traditions and characteristics of the relationship.

When President Khurelsukh visited Russia in 2021, he extended an invitation to President Putin to visit Mongolia for the commemoration of the 85th anniversary of the victory at Khalkh River. The recent visit of the Russian President was a response to this invitation. We have a longstanding tradition of the head of state of the Russian Federation visiting Mongolia to commemorate the 70th, 75th, and 80th anniversaries of this victory. These visits offer an excellent opportunity to discuss issues related to trade, economy, and infrastructure, as well as to make decisions and sign agreement.

These visits reflect our commitment to a balanced foreign policy. As I have mentioned before, the ‘essence’ of our foreign policy lies in maintaining balanced relationships. In addition to our two neighbors, we have our ‘third neighbors’. Not only must the relationships with our two neighbors be balanced with each other, but they also need to be balanced in conjunction with our relationships with our ‘third neighbors’.

The foreign relations of our country have developed intensively over the past few years. Heads of state from Poland, France, Kyrgyzstan, the Holy See, Germany, Belarus, Laos, Bhutan, Switzerland, and Slovenia have all visited Mongolia. Does this indicate that following the visit of the Russian President, we can expect other high-level visits from China and other third neighbors?

Since the spring of 2022, following the pandemic, Mongolia’s foreign engagements have been both active and intensive. Over the past 30 years, high-level visits have primarily been directed abroad, with only a few high-level delegations received annually. However, in the last two years, Mongolia has welcomed 11 heads of state, 7 parliamentary speakers, and 17 foreign ministers. Additionally, notable visits include the UN Secretary-General and leaders from the UN Office at Geneva, WHO, UNESCO, FAO, and IOM.

The growing interest of third neighbors in Mongolia, a country that pursues an independent policy while situated between two superpowers, clearly indicates that our ‘peace-loving, open, independent, and multi-pillared’ foreign policy is highly valued and clearly reflects the rise in our global reputation. Mongolia's ‘third neighbors’ also regularly acknowledge the unique circumstances of our country, including its geographical location, economic strengths, and resources.

You noted that the visit of the Russian President was not unexpected and was conducted to uphold the principles of our foreign policy. Now, let us turn to the content and outcomes of the visit, as well as the complex issues surrounding it.

Of course, the visit of the Russian President has sparked heated debate among our citizens and the public. This is how a democratic, free, and healthy society should function, where people are free to express their opinions. However, it is the government’s responsibility to provide accurate, truthful, and factual information

In addition to the historical and traditional relations, the current reality of purchasing most of our fuel and energy from Russia is also a critical economic and security-related factor that necessitated the visit.

Our country imports 95% of its petroleum products and 25% of its electricity from Russia. Therefore, during the visit, the two sides focused their discussions on energy cooperation and signed relevant agreements. They signed intergovernmental agreements on cooperation in the fields of petroleum products, fuel supply, energy, and infrastructure. The strengthening of the legal framework for the long-term, stable supply of fuel and energy was of particular significance.

Moving on to the complicated issue you mentioned earlier, the International Criminal Court, of which our country is a member, issued an arrest warrant for the President of the Russian Federation. However, according to existing international legal instruments, a head of state enjoys immunity while performing their duties. Historically, the principle and norms of non-aggression against high-level guests and envoys were first introduced by Mongolians during the time of Great Chinggis Khan, and this concept was later reflected in international law.

Furthermore, there is a principle in the Rome Statute that the ICC does not have the right to demand action from a country that is inconsistent with its obligations under international treaties and agreements concluded with other countries. In 2019, Mongolia and Russia signed the Treaty on Friendly Relations and Comprehensive Strategic

Partnership, thereby renewing its 1993 Treaty on Friendly Relations and Cooperation. The renewed treaty emphasizes the need for both parties “to facilitate regular meetings at various levels, with a primary focus on high-level exchanges, and to refrain from engaging in or supporting any act that is directed against the other party”.

We have been in contact with the ICC and have exchanged information and views regarding the bilateral agreement between Mongolia and Russia, as well as the immunity and privileges granted to the President of the Russian Federation.

Some foreign countries, especially Ukraine, are very sensitive to this visit. What is your position on this?

We respect and pay great attention to the views and positions expressed in the international community. We maintain good relations with Ukraine and work closely together. During events such as the Munich Security Conference, I have met with the Ukrainian Foreign Minister, where we exchanged views and reached a common understanding. Additionally, our two presidents have engaged in discussions through telephone calls. We will certainly continue to nurture this relationship.

I would like to emphasize once again that our country will never support any war, conflict, or use of force, and we have consistently expressed this position at the UN and other international platforms to the best of our abilities. Even during the recent visit, we reiterated that war and the use of force are not solutions; rather, issues should be resolved through peaceful means and consensus. The President of Mongolia has also confirmed this position clearly in his statement to the press.

Moving forward, based on the traditional philosophy of the Mongolian people, we are considering and planning initiatives aimed at stopping the wars and crises occurring around the world and establishing peace through dialogue and negotiation. We will actively propose solutions to the international community and explore ways to mediate discussions between the involved parties.

김요섭 기자 yoseopkim@kyeonggi.com